Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF) also known as Cross Flow Filtration involves the recirculation of the retentate across the surface of the membrane. This gentle cross flow feed acts to minimize membrane fouling, maintain a high filtration rate and provide higher product recovery. Tangential Flow Filtration is used in both microfiltration and ultrafiltration applications. Spectrum's Hollow Fiber Filter modules are particularly useful in Tangential Flow Filtration because processes can easily be scaled-up from small volume R&D applications to full-scale production. The same filtration conditions used to optimize R&D or lab scale filtration can be used in full-scale production when the length of the filtration flow path is maintained while filter's surface area is increased by adding more fibers to process large volumes. Spectrum's Single-Use Hollow Fiber Filters for Tangential Flow Filtration have significant advantages over traditional dead end filters and membrane cassette filters. Spectrum's hollow fiber membranes are anisotropic in structure. UF membranes have a high density skin layer for less fouling and a fairly open outer support structure for increased filtration rates. MF membranes have a retention defining microporous outer skin and a more open inner layer for increased filtration with higher recoveries. The filter housings are engineered to handle higher pressures. Spectrum offers 4 hollow fiber chemistries; modified Polyethersulfone (mPES), Mixed Cellulose Ester (ME), Polysulfone (PS) and Polyethersulphone (PES).

The table below shows common tangential flow filtration applications and the optimum membrane chemistries for each application.

Application	Membrane Selection	Membrane Material
Concentrate proteins, peptides, enzymes, recombinant proteins, and/or diafiltration (Buffer Exchange) of these products	1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70,100kD	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (PS) Polysulfone
Depyrogenation Water / Buffers	3, 10kD	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (PS) Polysulfone
Nano-Particle Coating, Buffer Exchange, Fractionating and/or Dewatering	70,100,300,500,750kD, 0.2µm	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (PS) Polysuflone
Concentrate and diafilter albumin (nominal MW 67kd)	10kD	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone
Concentration of monoclonal antibodies (155kd) and Buffer Exchange	30kD	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone
Envelope and Non-Envelope Virus Concentration and Diafiltration	50, 70, 100, 300, 500, 750kD, 0.05µm	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (PS) Polysulfone
Clarification of cell lysates, viral expressed cultures to recover product in permeate	500, 750kD, 0.05, 0.1µm	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone, (PS) Polysulfone, or (ME) Mixed Ester
Concentration and washing of Insect, Bacterial and/or mammalian cells	750kD, 0.1, 0.2, 0.65µm	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (ME) Mixed Ester
Continuous Bioreactor Perfusion of cell culture	30, 50, 70, 100, 300, 500, 750kD, 0.2, 0.65µm	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (PS) Polysulfone
SS (single stranded) or DS (double stranded) Nucleic Acids	1, 3, 5, 10, 30, 50, 70,100kD	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone
Washing Latex, Polystyrene and other diagnostic particles to remove un-reactives / unbound drug subst.	500, 750kD, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.65µm	(mPES) Modified Polyethersulfone or (PS) Polysulfone, (ME) Mixed Ester

Modified Polyethersulfone (mPES) is an advanced hydrophilic membrane filtration chemistry that provides higher flux rates for faster processing times, excellent selectivity for separation applications, and low protein binding for higher product yields than other membrane chemistries. Spectrum's new modified Polyethersulfone hollow fiber filters provide all the benefits of modified PES chemistry in fully encapsulated filter modules that are priced for Single-Use. With Spectrum's Single-Use mPES hollow fiber filters, total development and production costs are decreased through the combination of faster processing times, decreased labor costs associated with filter cleaning for re-use and a reduction in the use of costly WFI water. Low protein binding increases the product yield of each processing run. Single-Use eliminates the need for costly stainless steel systems and increases manufacturing flexibility. Spectrum's mPES filters are available in 1kD, 5kD, 10kD, 30kD, 70kD, 100kD, 300kD, 500kD and 750kD MWCOs and 0.2 µm and 0.65 µm pore sizes. All are available with 0.5mm fiber ID except .65µm. 0.65 µm is available with 0.75mm fiber ID. 3kD, 30kD, 10kD, 50kD, 100kD, 300kD, 500kD and 750kD are also available with 1.0mm fiber ID.

Chemistry	Fiber ID	MWCOs and Pore Sizes
Modified Polyethersulfone (mPES)	0.5 mm 0.75 mm 1.0 mm	1kD, 3kD, 5kD, 10kD, 30kD, 50kD, 70kD, 100kD, 300kD, 500kD, 750kD, and 0.2µm 0.65µm 3kD, 5kD, 10kD 30kD, 50kD, 70kD, 100kD, 300kD, 500kD and 750kD

0.5 mm ID mPES filters are available in 7 filter module configurations with 3 effective lengths and 13 MWCOs and 1 pore sizes, 0.75mm ID mPES filters are available in 7 filter module configurations with 3 effective length and 1 pore size, and 1.0 mm ID mPES filters are available in 7 filter module configurations with 3 effective lengths and 10 MWCOs:

mPES Filter Types

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MicroKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 1 mL to 100 mL, single-use MicroKros® hollow fiber filters are the first efficient and practical tangential flow filtration device for characterizing a process for scale-up or filtration of small volumes in a laboratory setting. MicroKros® are available with MLL x FLL connections and 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 13 cm² to 60 cm².

 
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MidiKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® filters have FLL x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 75 cm² to 370 cm².
 

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MidiKros® TC Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® TC hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® TC filters have 1/2" TC x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 75 cm² to 370 cm².
 

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MiniKros® Sampler Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 3 L to 15 L, MiniKros® Sampler hollow fiber filters are the ideal devices for filtering small batch volumes. MiniKros® Sampler filters have 3/4" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 490 cm² to 2,600 cm².

 
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MiniKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 5 L to 50 L, MiniKros® hollow fiber filters are suited for pilot scale applications. MiniKros® filters have 1-1/2" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 1,550 cm² to 8,500 cm².
 

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KrosFlo® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 10 L to 100 L, KrosFlo® hollow fiber filters are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® filters have 3" TC x 1-1/2" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from .785 m² to 4.1 m².

 
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KrosFlo® Max Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 100 L to 1000+ L, KrosFlo® Max hollow fiber filter are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® Max filters have 6" TC x 1-1/2" TC and come in four effective lengths. Surface areas range from 4.3m² to 12.8m².
 

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Mixed Cellulose Ester (ME) is a hydrophilic membrane filtration chemistry that provides higher flux rates for faster processing times and low protein binding for higher product yields. ME filter chemistry is also highly biocompatible making it useful for filtration applications with cells and cell and virus lysates. All Spectrum's ME filters are microfiltration filters, available in 0.1um and 0.2um pore sizes. 0.1um is available with 0.63mm fiber ID and 7 filter module configuration. 0.2 um is available with 0.63 mm or 1.0mm fiber ID and 7 filter module configurations:

Chemistry	Fiber ID	Pore Sizes
Mixed Cellulose Ester (ME)	0.63mm 1.0mm	0.1µm and 0.2µm 0.2µm

0.63 mm ID ME filters are available in 7 filter module configurations with 3 effective lengths and 2 pore size. 1.0mm ID ME filters are available in 7 filter module configurations with 3 effective lengths and 1 pore sizes.

ME Filter Types

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MicroKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 1 mL to 100 mL, single-use MicroKros® hollow fiber filters are the first efficient and practical tangential flow filtration device for characterizing a process for scale-up or filtration of small volumes in a laboratory setting. MicroKros® are available with MLL x FLL connections and 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 13 cm² to 65 cm²

 
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MidiKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® filters have FLL x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 94 cm² to 335 cm².
 

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MidiKros® TC Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® TC hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® TC filters have 1/2" TC x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 94 cm² to 335 cm².
 

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MiniKros® Sampler Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 3 L to 15 L, MiniKros® Sampler hollow fiber filters are the ideal devices for filtering small batch volumes. MiniKros® Sampler filters have 3/4" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 500 cm² to 2,350 cm².

 
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MiniKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 5 L to 50 L, MiniKros® hollow fiber filters are suited for pilot scale applications. MiniKros® filters have 1-1/2" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 1,650 cm² to 7,650 cm².
 

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KrosFlo® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 10 L to 100 L, KrosFlo® hollow fiber filters are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® filters have 3" TC x 1-1/2" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from .82 m² to 3.9 m².

 
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KrosFlo® Max Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 100 L to 1000+ L, KrosFlo® Max hollow fiber filter are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® Max filters have 6" TC x 1-1/2" TC and come in four effective lengths. Surface areas range from 4.55m² to 12.1m².
 

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Polysulfone (PS) is hydrophilic membrane chemistry with low protein binding properties. It is more resistant to acids, bases and surfactants than other membrane chemistries. PS filters are used in applications like nanoparticle processing and diafiltration. Spectrum's PS membranes come in 10kD, 50kD and 500kD Molecular Weight Cut-offs and 0.05µm pore size. All are 0.5mm fiber ID and are available in 7 filter module configurations:

Chemistry	Fiber ID	MWCOs and Pore Sizes
Polysulfone (PS)	0.5 mm	10kD, 50kD, 500kD and 0.05µm

0.5mm PS filter are available in 7 module configurations with 3 effective lengths, three MWCOs and 1 pore size.

PS Filter Types

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MicroKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 1 mL to 100 mL, single-use MicroKros® hollow fiber filters are the first efficient and practical tangential flow filtration device for characterizing a process for scale-up or filtration of small volumes in a laboratory setting. MicroKros® are available with MLL x FLL connections and 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 28 cm² to 92 cm²

 
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MidiKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® filters have FLL x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 190 cm² to 610 cm².
 

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MidiKros® TC Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® TC hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® TC filters have 1/2" TC x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 190 cm² to 610 cm².
 

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MiniKros® Sampler Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 3 L to 15 L, MiniKros® Sampler hollow fiber filters are the ideal devices for filtering small batch volumes. MiniKros® Sampler filters have 3/4" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 1,000 cm² to 3400 cm².

 
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MiniKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 5 L to 50 L, MiniKros® hollow fiber filters are suited for pilot scale applications. MiniKros® filters have 1-1/2" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 3,100 cm² to 10,000 cm².
 

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KrosFlo® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 10 L to 100 L, KrosFlo® hollow fiber filters are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® filters have 3" TC x 1-1/2" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 1.6 m² to 5.1 m².

 
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KrosFlo® Max Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 100 L to 1000+ L, KrosFlo® Max hollow fiber filter are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® Max filters have 6" TC x 1-1/2" TC and come in four effective lengths. Surface areas range from 10.4m² to 17.1m².
 

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Polyethersulfone (PES) Hollow Fiber Filter Modules Single-Use Filters for Micro Tangential Flow Filtration Polyethersulfone (PES) is hydrophilic membrane chemistry with low protein binding properties. It is more resistant to acids, bases and surfactants than other membrane chemistries. Spectrum's PES membranes come in 0.2µm pore size. The 0.2µm pore size is available with 0.5mm and I.0mm ID. Both the 0.2µm 0.5mm and 1.0mm fibers are available in 7 filter module configurations.

Chemistry	Fiber ID	Pore Sizes
Polyethersulfone (PES)	0.5mm 1.0mm	0.2µm 0.2µm

0.5mm ID PES filters are available in 7 filter module configuration with 3 effective lengths and 1 pore size. 1.0mm ID PES filters are available in 7 filter module configurations with 3 effective lengths and 1 pore sizes.

PES Filter Types

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MicroKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 1 mL to 100 mL, single-use MicroKros® hollow fiber filters are the first efficient and practical tangential flow filtration device for characterizing a process for scale-up or filtration of small volumes in a laboratory setting. MicroKros® are available with MLL x FLL connections and 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 13 cm² to 92 cm².

 
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MidiKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® filters have FLL x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 88 cm² to 460 cm².
 

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MidiKros® TC Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of small volumes ranging from 100 mL to 3 L, MidiKros® TC hollow fiber filters are practical devices suitable for starting batch volumes in an R&D setting. MidiKros® TC filters have 1/2" TC x FLL connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 88 cm² to 460 cm².
 

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MiniKros® Sampler Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 3 L to 15 L, MiniKros® Sampler hollow fiber filters are the ideal devices for filtering small batch volumes. MiniKros® Sampler filters have 3/4" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 470 cm² to 3,400 cm².

 
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MiniKros® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 5 L to 50 L, MiniKros® hollow fiber filters are suited for pilot scale applications. MiniKros® filters have 1-1/2" TC x 3/4" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from 1,570 cm² to 10,000 cm².
 

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KrosFlo® Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 10 L to 100 L, KrosFlo® hollow fiber filters are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® filters have 3" TC x 1-1/2" TC connections and come in 3 effective lengths. Surface areas range from .785 m² to 5.1 m².

 
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KrosFlo® Max Filter Modules

Designed for tangential flow filtration of volumes ranging from 100 L to 1000+ L, KrosFlo® Max hollow fiber filter are suited for production scale applications. KrosFlo® Max filters have 6" TC x 1-1/2" TC and come in four effective lengths. Surface areas range from 4.35m² to 17.1m².
 

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